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SP3 HYBRIDIZATION AND SHAPES OF METHANE AND ETHAN MOLECULES, Simple concept of unpaired valence electrons can explain number

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  Simple concept of unpaired valence electrons can explain number of covalent bond formed in nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine only in second period and it cannot explain number of covalent bond formed in beryllium, borrow and carbon of the same period. All these elements can form covalent bonds and number of covalent bond formed is greater than the number of unpaired electrons present in the ground state electronic configuration of that element that is why orbital hybridization is also called expansion of octect.  These are many types of orbital hybridization like mixing of s and p orbitals indifferent proportion or mixing of d or f orbitals with s and p orbitals, all mixing combinations depends upon the situation.   SP3  HYBRIDIZATION AND SHAPES OF METHANE AND ETHAN MOLECULES:               Group state configuration of carbon is;  Carbon atom in Methane and Ethane molecules have four identical cov...