BIONIC OR ELECTROVALENT BONDING, Ionic or electrovalent bonding, Co-ordinate or dative covalent bonding, Covalent bonding, Metallic bonding, Intermolecular forces including hydrogen bonding

 

Solution:

             2^nd I.E of magnesium is less than sodium because in magnesium second electron is removed from the same sub shell. Whereas in case of aluminum removal of second electron takes place from 35 while in silicon it is from 3p. As energy level of 3p is high since less energy is required to remove the electron.  

CHEMICAL BOND

 

            The attractive forces which hold atoms or ions in a molecule or in a crystal lattice are called chemical bondings.  There are different kinds of chemical bondings.

 

(1)              Ionic or electrovalent bonding

(2)              Covalent bonding

(3)              Co-ordinate or dative covalent bonding

(4)              Metallic bonding

(5)              Intermolecular forces including hydrogen bonding

 

BIONIC OR ELECTROVALENT BONDING:

 

The chemical bond which is formed due to complete transference of electrons from metallic atom’s valence shell of non-metal atom, so that both attain nearest Nobel gas, configuration is called ionic bond.

 OR

            The chemical bond which is formed due to electrostatic attractive between oppositely charged ions is called electrovalent or ionic bond. Due to these strong attractive forces oppositely charged ions arrange themselves in a proper crystal lattice. This is why ionic compounds are mostly solid, hard and rigid compound with relatively high melting points. Formation of an ionic bond is an exothermic process hence lot of energy is released during the process. Thus crystal lattice of ionic compounds are more stable than the reacting (parent) species.