GHS LAWS, BOYLE’S LAW, CHARLES LAW, ABSOLUTE ZERO, AVOGADRO’S LAW, DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

 

GHS LAWS:   

             The gas laws describe the relationships between the volume of a given amount of a gas and effect of change in conditions like temperature and pressure. The ideal gas shows uniform behavior towards the change in external conditions. This uniform behavior of ideal gas is described in different gas laws.

 BOYLE’S LAW:                                 

             The volume of a given amount of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas at a constant temperature. Mathematically the law can be expressed as;

             V                                                

            V = k

            PV = k

            Where k is a proportionality constant. Since,

            P1V1 = = K and P2 V2 = K

            P1V1 = P2 V2

            Graphically, Boyle’s law can be expressed as,

CHARLES LAW:

             This law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at constant pressure. Mathematically the law can be expressed as;

             V T

            V = KT

 Or         = K

             Where k is proportionality constant if;

                           = K and  = K

                          =               

 

ABSOLUTE ZERO:

             The graph of Charles law is extrapolated and it is observed that straight line cuts the temperature axis at -272 ⁰C for zero volume. Thus, the hypothetical temperature at which the volume of all the gases become zero is called absolute zero. Its value is -273 ⁰C or OK. This temperature can never be achieved practically because in reality all the gases are converted into the liquid before reaching -273 ⁰C.

 AVOGADRO’S LAW:

             This law states thatat same temperature and pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas. Mathematically, the law can be expressed as;

                         V  n              

                        V = kn

             Or         = k

             Where k is a constant of proportionality. It can also be stated as equal volume of all the gases at same temperature and pressure contain equal number of moles (or molecules).

 DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE:

             The total pressure exerted by the mixture of gases is equal to the seem of individual pressure of each gas present in the mixture at same temperature. Mathematically;

             P = P_A + P_B + P_C + ……………..+ P_n.

             Where ‘P’ is the total pressure of the mixture and PA, PB and Pn are individual partial pressure of each gas.