SHAPE OF ETHANE MOLECULE, The remaining unhybridized p orbital on each carbon are parallel to each, The mixing of one s and two p orbitals to form three degenerate sp2 hybrid orbitals is called

 

SHAPE OF ETHANE MOLECULE:

            In ethane each carbon also have four single covalent bonds i.e; four sigma (a) covalent bonds. It is once again possible due to sp³ hybrid ionization in carbon atom.

SHAPE OF ETHANE MOLECULE

Hence in Alkanes each carbon have four covalent bonds and each carbon have sp³ orbital hybridization which remaining sp² orbital of each carbon atom overlap to form sigma (a) bond. The remaining two unhybridized p orbitals of each carbon atom are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis joining the two carbon nuclei. Hence, these unhybridized p orbitals undergo parallel overlap and form pi (π) bond. The ethan molecule have five sigma (a) bonds and one pi (π) bond.

SHAPE OF BENZENE MOLECULAR (C₆H₆).

            In benzene (C₆H₆) the six carbon cyclic (ring) structure. The carbon bonds are sigma(a) bonds due to head to head overlap of sp² hybrid orbital with sp² hybrid orbital. Similarly carbon hydrogen bonds are also sigma (a) due to SP² s overlap. There are two 12 sigma (a) bonds.

SP2 HYBRIDISATION